Historical Weather API
Provides ERA5 reanalysis weather data from 1940 to the present, enabling long-term climate analysis and research across any global coordinate with hourly resolution and consistent data quality across decades.
OpenAPI Specification
openapi: '3.0.3'
info:
title: Open-Meteo Historical Weather API
description: >-
Historical weather data from ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis going back to 1940.
version: '1.0'
contact:
name: Open-Meteo
url: https://open-meteo.com
email: [email protected]
license:
name: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
termsOfService: https://open-meteo.com/en/features#terms
paths:
/v1/archive:
servers:
- url: https://archive-api.open-meteo.com
- url: https://customer-archive-api.open-meteo.com
get:
tags:
- Historical Weather APIs
summary: Open-Meteo Historical Weather API
description: >-
Historical weather data from ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis going back to 1940.
parameters:
- name: latitude
in: query
required: true
description: >-
Geographical WGS84 coordinates. Multiple coordinates can be comma separated.
schema:
type: string
- name: longitude
in: query
required: true
schema:
type: string
- name: hourly
in: query
description: >-
A list of weather variables which should be returned.
explode: false
schema:
type: array
items:
type: string
enum:
- temperature_2m
- relative_humidity_2m
- dew_point_2m
- apparent_temperature
- precipitation
- rain
- snowfall
- snow_depth
- weather_code
- pressure_msl
- surface_pressure
- cloud_cover
- cloud_cover_low
- cloud_cover_mid
- cloud_cover_high
- et0_fao_evapotranspiration
- vapour_pressure_deficit
- wind_speed_10m
- wind_speed_100m
- wind_direction_10m
- wind_direction_100m
- wind_gusts_10m
- soil_temperature_0_to_7cm
- soil_temperature_7_to_28cm
- soil_temperature_28_to_100cm
- soil_temperature_100_to_255cm
- soil_moisture_0_to_7cm
- soil_moisture_7_to_28cm
- soil_moisture_28_to_100cm
- soil_moisture_100_to_255cm
- soil_moisture_0_to_100cm
- soil_temperature_0_to_100cm
- soil_moisture_index_0_to_7cm
- soil_moisture_index_7_to_28cm
- soil_moisture_index_28_to_100cm
- soil_moisture_index_0_to_100cm
- boundary_layer_height
- wet_bulb_temperature_2m
- total_column_integrated_water_vapour
- is_day
- sunshine_duration
- growing_degree_days_base_0_limit_50
- leaf_wetness_probability
- wave_height
- wave_direction
- wave_period
- sea_surface_temperature
- shortwave_radiation
- direct_radiation
- diffuse_radiation
- direct_normal_irradiance
- global_tilted_irradiance
- terrestrial_radiation
- shortwave_radiation_instant
- direct_radiation_instant
- diffuse_radiation_instant
- direct_normal_irradiance_instant
- global_tilted_irradiance_instant
- terrestrial_radiation_instant
- name: daily
in: query
description: >-
A list of daily weather variable aggregations.
explode: false
schema:
type: array
items:
type: string
enum:
- weather_code
- temperature_2m_mean
- temperature_2m_max
- temperature_2m_min
- apparent_temperature_mean
- apparent_temperature_max
- apparent_temperature_min
- sunrise
- sunset
- daylight_duration
- sunshine_duration
- precipitation_sum
- rain_sum
- snowfall_sum
- precipitation_hours
- wind_speed_10m_max
- wind_gusts_10m_max
- wind_direction_10m_dominant
- shortwave_radiation_sum
- et0_fao_evapotranspiration
- cloud_cover_mean
- dew_point_2m_mean
- dew_point_2m_max
- dew_point_2m_min
- relative_humidity_2m_mean
- relative_humidity_2m_max
- relative_humidity_2m_min
- pressure_msl_mean
- wind_speed_10m_mean
- wet_bulb_temperature_2m_mean
- vapour_pressure_deficit_max
- soil_moisture_0_to_7cm_mean
- soil_moisture_7_to_28cm_mean
- soil_moisture_28_to_100cm_mean
- soil_moisture_0_to_100cm_mean
- soil_temperature_0_to_7cm_mean
- soil_temperature_7_to_28cm_mean
- soil_temperature_28_to_100cm_mean
- name: start_date
in: query
description: >-
Start date in ISO 8601 format. Required.
required: true
schema:
type: string
format: date
- name: end_date
in: query
description: >-
End date in ISO 8601 format. Required.
required: true
schema:
type: string
format: date
- name: elevation
in: query
schema:
type: number
format: float
- name: temperature_unit
in: query
schema:
type: string
default: celsius
enum: [celsius, fahrenheit]
- name: wind_speed_unit
in: query
schema:
type: string
default: kmh
enum: [kmh, ms, mph, kn]
- name: precipitation_unit
in: query
schema:
type: string
default: mm
enum: [mm, inch]
- name: timeformat
in: query
description: >-
If format unixtime is selected, all time values are returned in UNIX epoch time.
schema:
type: string
default: iso8601
enum: [iso8601, unixtime]
- name: timezone
in: query
description: >-
Any IANA time zone name is supported. Use auto to resolve the local time zone.
schema:
type: string
- name: past_days
in: query
description: >-
Return past days of data.
schema:
type: integer
default: 0
minimum: 0
maximum: 92
- name: forecast_days
in: query
description: >-
Number of forecast days.
schema:
type: integer
default: 0
minimum: 0
maximum: 0
- name: past_hours
in: query
schema:
type: integer
- name: forecast_hours
in: query
schema:
type: integer
- name: tilt
in: query
description: >-
Slope tilt in degrees for global_tilted_irradiance calculation.
schema:
type: number
format: float
default: 0
- name: azimuth
in: query
description: >-
Azimuth for global_tilted_irradiance. North=0, East=90, South=180, West=270.
schema:
type: number
format: float
default: 0
- name: cell_selection
in: query
description: >-
Grid cell selection preference: land, sea, or nearest.
schema:
type: string
enum: [land, sea, nearest]
- name: apikey
in: query
description: >-
Only required for commercial subscriptions.
schema:
type: string
- name: models
in: query
description: Manually select one or more weather models.
explode: false
schema:
type: array
items:
type: string
enum:
- best_match
- era5_seamless
- era5
- era5_land
- ecmwf_ifs
- cerra
- era5_ensemble
- ecmwf_ifs_analysis_long_window
responses:
'200':
description: OK
content:
application/json:
schema:
type: object
properties:
latitude:
type: number
format: float
longitude:
type: number
format: float
elevation:
type: number
format: float
generationtime_ms:
type: number
format: float
utc_offset_seconds:
type: integer
timezone:
type: string
timezone_abbreviation:
type: string
hourly:
type: object
properties:
time:
type: array
items:
type: string
temperature_2m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
relative_humidity_2m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
dew_point_2m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
apparent_temperature:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
precipitation:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
rain:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
snowfall:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
snow_depth:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
weather_code:
type: array
items:
type: integer
pressure_msl:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
surface_pressure:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
cloud_cover:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
cloud_cover_low:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
cloud_cover_mid:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
cloud_cover_high:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
et0_fao_evapotranspiration:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
vapour_pressure_deficit:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_speed_10m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_speed_100m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_direction_10m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_direction_100m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_gusts_10m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_temperature_0_to_7cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_temperature_7_to_28cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_temperature_28_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_temperature_100_to_255cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_0_to_7cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_7_to_28cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_28_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_100_to_255cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_0_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_temperature_0_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_index_0_to_7cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_index_7_to_28cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_index_28_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_index_0_to_100cm:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
boundary_layer_height:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wet_bulb_temperature_2m:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
total_column_integrated_water_vapour:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
is_day:
type: array
items:
type: integer
sunshine_duration:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
growing_degree_days_base_0_limit_50:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
leaf_wetness_probability:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wave_height:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wave_direction:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wave_period:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
sea_surface_temperature:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
shortwave_radiation:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
direct_radiation:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
diffuse_radiation:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
direct_normal_irradiance:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
global_tilted_irradiance:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
terrestrial_radiation:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
shortwave_radiation_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
direct_radiation_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
diffuse_radiation_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
direct_normal_irradiance_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
global_tilted_irradiance_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
terrestrial_radiation_instant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
hourly_units:
type: object
properties:
time:
type: string
temperature_2m:
type: string
relative_humidity_2m:
type: string
dew_point_2m:
type: string
apparent_temperature:
type: string
precipitation:
type: string
rain:
type: string
snowfall:
type: string
snow_depth:
type: string
weather_code:
type: string
pressure_msl:
type: string
surface_pressure:
type: string
cloud_cover:
type: string
cloud_cover_low:
type: string
cloud_cover_mid:
type: string
cloud_cover_high:
type: string
et0_fao_evapotranspiration:
type: string
vapour_pressure_deficit:
type: string
wind_speed_10m:
type: string
wind_speed_100m:
type: string
wind_direction_10m:
type: string
wind_direction_100m:
type: string
wind_gusts_10m:
type: string
soil_temperature_0_to_7cm:
type: string
soil_temperature_7_to_28cm:
type: string
soil_temperature_28_to_100cm:
type: string
soil_temperature_100_to_255cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_0_to_7cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_7_to_28cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_28_to_100cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_100_to_255cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_0_to_100cm:
type: string
soil_temperature_0_to_100cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_index_0_to_7cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_index_7_to_28cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_index_28_to_100cm:
type: string
soil_moisture_index_0_to_100cm:
type: string
boundary_layer_height:
type: string
wet_bulb_temperature_2m:
type: string
total_column_integrated_water_vapour:
type: string
is_day:
type: string
sunshine_duration:
type: string
growing_degree_days_base_0_limit_50:
type: string
leaf_wetness_probability:
type: string
wave_height:
type: string
wave_direction:
type: string
wave_period:
type: string
sea_surface_temperature:
type: string
shortwave_radiation:
type: string
direct_radiation:
type: string
diffuse_radiation:
type: string
direct_normal_irradiance:
type: string
global_tilted_irradiance:
type: string
terrestrial_radiation:
type: string
shortwave_radiation_instant:
type: string
direct_radiation_instant:
type: string
diffuse_radiation_instant:
type: string
direct_normal_irradiance_instant:
type: string
global_tilted_irradiance_instant:
type: string
terrestrial_radiation_instant:
type: string
daily:
type: object
properties:
time:
type: array
items:
type: string
weather_code:
type: array
items:
type: integer
temperature_2m_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
temperature_2m_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
temperature_2m_min:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
apparent_temperature_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
apparent_temperature_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
apparent_temperature_min:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
sunrise:
type: array
items:
type: string
sunset:
type: array
items:
type: string
daylight_duration:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
sunshine_duration:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
precipitation_sum:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
rain_sum:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
snowfall_sum:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
precipitation_hours:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_speed_10m_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_gusts_10m_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_direction_10m_dominant:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
shortwave_radiation_sum:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
et0_fao_evapotranspiration:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
cloud_cover_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
dew_point_2m_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
dew_point_2m_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
dew_point_2m_min:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
relative_humidity_2m_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
relative_humidity_2m_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
relative_humidity_2m_min:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
pressure_msl_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wind_speed_10m_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
wet_bulb_temperature_2m_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
vapour_pressure_deficit_max:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_0_to_7cm_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_7_to_28cm_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
soil_moisture_28_to_100cm_mean:
type: array
items:
type: number
format: float
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# Full source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/open-meteo/refs/heads/main/openapi/open-meteo-historical-weather-openapi.yml